Lower Manhattan pictured two months before 9/11

(Carol M. Highsmith / Library of Congress)

Frank and Nicole

(9/11 Living Memorial)

Damage inside the WTC from the bombing in ‘93

Frank De Martini

(History Channel)

Judith Reese

(Port Authority of New York / New Jersey)

Carlos DaCosta

(Legacy)

Pete Negron

(911Memorial)

Pablo Ortiz

Father Mark Hanna, circa 2021

(Medium)

Karen:

The Heroes of the 88th Floor

Episode sources:

1. “102 Minutes: The Untold Story of the Fight to Survive Inside the Twin Towers” by Jim Dwyer and Kevin Flynn

2. 9/11: Heroes of the 88th Floor (Discovery)

3. “After the World Trade Center” by Amitav Ghosh (Amitav Ghosh) 2001

4. “Port Authority of New York and New Jersey” (Britannica)

5. “I Survived 9/11” by Gil Weinstein (Rye Record) 2011

6. “Remembering Pablo Ortiz: A Hero of the 88th Floor” (9/11 Memorial & Museum)

7. “88th floor survivor leaves hospital” by Hugh Dougherty (The Guardian) 2002

8. “Timeline: The September 11th Terrorist Attacks” by Katherine Huiskes (UVA Miller Center)

9. “9/11 Survivor recalls carrying elderly man down 89 floors before losing 2 best friends” by Nick Westoll (Global News) 2016

10. “Meet Mak Hanna” (20 for 20) 2021

11. “Heroism And Horror” (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States)

12. “One World Trade Center” (Wikipedia)

13. “The Port Authority Tapes” by Jim Dwyer (New York Times) 2003

14. “9/11 FAQs” (9/11 Memorial & Museum)